Risk-Based Diversion and Risk-Informed Disposition for Children with Psychopathic Traits in Indonesian Sexual-Violence Cases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20527/.v11i2.330Keywords:
Criminal Responsibility, Forensic Psychiatric Assessment, Juvenile Justice, Psychopathic Traits, Risk-Based DiversionAbstract
Indonesian juvenile justice law places diversion behind an offense- and repetition-based gate in Article 7(2) of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law (SPPA Law), while purposive scholarship emphasizes restorative justice and the best interests of the child as grounds for a wider practical reach of diversion. This article examines that doctrinal tension in child sexual-violence cases, the treatment of psychopathic traits under the 2023 Criminal Code, including the transitional operation of Article 618, and the lawful use of forensic assessment within the social inquiry report (Litmas). Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, interdisciplinary, and limited functional-comparative approaches, the article reconstructs the post-2026 offense map under Article 622 and Law Number 1 of 2026, and it distinguishes legal eligibility, criminal responsibility, and prospective risk-and-needs formulation. It finds that Article 7(2) remains a categorical eligibility gate. Article 419(1), which carries a maximum of exactly seven years, falls outside ordinary diversion, whereas mixed-charge cases remain governed by Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2014. Psychopathic traits are neither a diagnosis under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) nor an automatic excuse, aggravating factor, or disability status. Clinical information may inform treatment, supervision, reintegration, reasonable accommodation where independently warranted, restitution-related planning, and victim safety, but it cannot determine guilt or statutory eligibility. The proposed framework therefore separates Risk-Based Diversion for legally eligible cases from a Risk-Informed Disposition Module for formally adjudicated cases, supported by selective referral, youth-appropriate assessment, reasoned evidentiary weight, protection against stigma, and periodic review. Government Regulation Number 65 of 2015 and coordinated guidance may regulate procedure, but only legislation may alter statutory eligibility.
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